Utilitários do Bootstrap 4


Utilitários do Bootstrap 4

O Bootstrap 4 tem muitas classes utilitárias/auxiliares para estilizar rapidamente os elementos sem usar nenhum código CSS.


Fronteiras

Use as borderclasses para adicionar ou remover bordas de um elemento:

Exemplo

Exemplo

<span class="border"></span>
<span class="border border-0"></span>
<span class="border border-top-0"></span>
<span class="border border-right-0"></span>
<span class="border border-bottom-0"></span>
<span class="border border-left-0"></span>

Cor da borda

Adicione uma cor à borda com qualquer uma das classes de cores de borda contextuais:

Exemplo

Exemplo

<span class="border border-primary"></span>
<span class="border border-secondary"></span>
<span class="border border-success"></span>
<span class="border border-danger"></span>
<span class="border border-warning"></span>
<span class="border border-info"></span>
<span class="border border-light"></span>
<span class="border border-dark"></span>
<span class="border border-white"></span>

Raio da borda

Adicione cantos arredondados a um elemento com as roundedclasses:

Exemplo

Exemplo

<span class="rounded-sm"></span>
<span class="rounded"></span>
<span class="rounded-lg"></span>
<span class="rounded-top"></span>
<span class="rounded-right"></span>
<span class="rounded-bottom"></span>
<span class="rounded-left"></span>
<span class="rounded-circle"></span>
<span class="rounded-0"></span>


Float e Clearfix

Flutue um elemento para a direita com a .float-rightclasse ou para a esquerda com .float-left, e limpe os floats com a .clearfixclasse:

Exemplo

Float left Float right

Exemplo

<div class="clearfix">
  <span class="float-left">Float left</span>
  <span class="float-right">Float right</span>
</div>

Flutuadores responsivos

Flutue um elemento para a esquerda ou para a direita dependendo da largura da tela, com as classes flutuantes responsivas ( .float-*-left|right- onde * é sm(>=576px), md(>=768px), lg(>=992px) ou xl(>=1200px)):

Exemplo

Float right on small screens or wider

Float right on medium screens or wider

Float right on large screens or wider

Float right on extra large screens or wider

Float none

Exemplo

<div class="float-sm-right">Float right on small screens or wider</div><br>
<div class="float-md-right">Float right on medium screens or wider</div><br>
<div class="float-lg-right">Float right on large screens or wider</div><br>
<div class="float-xl-right">Float right on extra large screens or wider</div><br>
<div class="float-none">Float none</div>

Centralizar

Centralize um elemento com a .mx-autoclasse (adiciona margin-left e margin-right: auto):

Exemplo

Centered

Exemplo

<div class="mx-auto bg-warning" style="width:150px">Centered</div>

Largura

Defina a largura de um elemento com as classes w-* ( .w-25, .w-50, .w-75, .w-100, .mw-100):

Exemplo

Width 25%
Width 50%
Width 75%
Width 100%
Max Width 100%

Exemplo

<div class="w-25 bg-warning">Width 25%</div>
<div class="w-50 bg-warning">Width 50%</div>
<div class="w-75 bg-warning">Width 75%</div>
<div class="w-100 bg-warning">Width 100%</div>
<div class="mw-100 bg-warning">Max Width 100%</div>

Altura

Defina a altura de um elemento com as classes h-* ( .h-25, .h-50, .h-75, .h-100, .mh-100):

Exemplo

Height 25%
Height 50%
Height 75%
Height 100%
Max Height 100%

Exemplo

<div style="height:200px;background-color:#ddd">
  <div class="h-25 bg-warning">Height 25%</div>
  <div class="h-50 bg-warning">Height 50%</div>
  <div class="h-75 bg-warning">Height 75%</div>
  <div class="h-100 bg-warning">Height 100%</div>
  <div class="mh-100 bg-warning" style="height:500px">Max Height 100%</div>
</div>

Espaçamento

O Bootstrap 4 possui uma ampla variedade de classes de utilitários de margem e preenchimento responsivos. Eles funcionam para todos os pontos de interrupção: xs(<=576px), sm(>=576px), md(>=768px), lg(>=992px) ou xl(>=1200px)):

As classes são usadas no formato: {property}{sides}-{size}for xse {property}{sides}-{breakpoint}-{size}for sm, md, lg, e xl.

Quando a propriedade é uma das seguintes:

  • m- conjuntosmargin
  • p- conjuntospadding

Onde lados é um dos seguintes:

  • t- conjuntos margin-topoupadding-top
  • b- conjuntos margin-bottomoupadding-bottom
  • l- conjuntos margin-leftoupadding-left
  • r- conjuntos margin-rightoupadding-right
  • x- define ambos padding-lefte padding-rightou margin-leftemargin-right
  • y- define ambos padding-tope padding-bottomou margin-topemargin-bottom
  • blank - define um marginou paddingem todos os 4 lados do elemento

Onde o tamanho é um dos seguintes:

  • 0- conjuntos marginou paddingpara0
  • 1- define marginou paddingpara .25rem(4px se o tamanho da fonte for 16px)
  • 2- define marginou paddingpara .5rem(8px se o tamanho da fonte for 16px)
  • 3- define marginou paddingpara 1rem(16px se o tamanho da fonte for 16px)
  • 4- define marginou paddingpara 1.5rem(24px se o tamanho da fonte for 16px)
  • 5- define marginou paddingpara 3rem(48px se o tamanho da fonte for 16px)
  • auto- define marginpara automático

Nota: as margens também podem ser negativas, adicionando um "n" na frente do tamanho :

  • n1- define marginpara -.25rem(-4px se o tamanho da fonte for 16px)
  • n2- define marginpara -.5rem(-8px se o tamanho da fonte for 16px)
  • n3- define marginpara -1rem(-16px se o tamanho da fonte for 16px)
  • n4- define marginpara -1.5rem(-24px se o tamanho da fonte for 16px)
  • n5- define marginpara -3rem(-48px se o tamanho da fonte for 16px)

Exemplo

I only have a top padding (1.5rem = 24px)
I have a padding on all sides (3rem = 48px)
I have a margin on all sides (3rem = 48px) and a bottom padding (3rem = 48px)

Exemplo

<div class="pt-4 bg-warning">I only have a top padding (1.5rem = 24px)</div>
<div class="p-5 bg-success">I have a padding on all sides (3rem = 48px)</div>
<div class="m-5 pb-5 bg-info">I have a margin on all sides (3rem = 48px) and a bottom padding (3rem = 48px)</div>

Mais exemplos de espaçamento

.m-# / m-*-# margem de todos os lados
.mt-# / mt-*-# margem superior
.mb-# / mb-*-# margem inferior
.ml-# / ml-*-# margem esquerda
.mr-# / mr-*-# margem direita
.mx-# / mx-*-# margem esquerda e direita
.my-# / my-*-# margem superior e inferior
.p-# / p-*-# estofamento em todos os lados
.pt-# / pt-*-# acolchoamento superior
.pb-# / pb-*-# fundo de preenchimento
.pl-# / pl-*-# preenchimento esquerdo
.pr-# / pr-*-# preenchimento direito
.py-# / py-*-# acolchoamento superior e inferior
.px-# / px-*-# preenchimento à esquerda e à direita

Sombras

Use as shadow-classes para adicionar sombras a um elemento:

Exemplo

No shadow
Small shadow
Default shadow
Large shadow

Exemplo

<div class="shadow-none p-4 mb-4 bg-light">No shadow</div>
<div class="shadow-sm p-4 mb-4 bg-white">Small shadow</div>
<div class="shadow p-4 mb-4 bg-white">Default shadow</div>
<div class="shadow-lg p-4 mb-4 bg-white">Large shadow</div>

Alinhamento Vertical

Use as align-classes para alterar o alinhamento dos elementos (funciona apenas em elementos inline, inline-block, inline-table e table cell):

Exemplo

baseline top middle bottom text-top text-bottom

Exemplo

<span class="align-baseline">baseline</span>
<span class="align-top">top</span>
<span class="align-middle">middle</span>
<span class="align-bottom">bottom</span>
<span class="align-text-top">text-top</span>
<span class="align-text-bottom">text-bottom</span>

Incorporações responsivas

Crie vídeos responsivos ou apresentações de slides com base na largura do pai.

Adicione o .embed-responsive-itema qualquer elemento incorporado (como <iframe> ou <video>) em um elemento pai com .embed-responsiveuma proporção de sua escolha:

Exemplo

Exemplo

<!-- 21:9 aspect ratio -->
<div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-21by9">
  <iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="..."></iframe>
</div>

<!-- 16:9 aspect ratio -->
<div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9">
  <iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="..."></iframe>
</div>

<!-- 4:3 aspect ratio -->
<div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-4by3">
  <iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="..."></iframe>
</div>

<!-- 1:1 aspect ratio -->
<div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-1by1">
  <iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="..."></iframe>
</div>

Visibilidade

Use as classes .visibleou para controlar a visibilidade dos elementos. Observação: essas classes não alteram o valor de exibição do CSS. Eles apenas adicionam ou :.invisiblevisibility:visiblevisibility:hidden

Exemplo

I am visible

Exemplo

<div class="visible">I am visible</div>
<div class="invisible">I am invisible</div>

Posição

Use a .fixed-topclasse para tornar qualquer elemento fixo/permanecer no topo da página:

Exemplo

<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-sm bg-dark navbar-dark fixed-top">
  ...
</nav>

Use the .fixed-bottom class to make any element fixed/stay at the bottom of the page:

Example

<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-sm bg-dark navbar-dark fixed-bottom">
  ...
</nav>

Use the .sticky-top class to make any element fixed/stay at the top of the page when you scroll past it. Note: This class does not work in IE11 and earlier (will treat it as position:relative).

Example

<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-sm bg-dark navbar-dark sticky-top">
  ...
</nav>

Close icon

Use the .close class to style a close icon. This is often used for alerts and modals. Note that we use the &times; symbol to create the actual icon (a better looking "x"). Also note that it floats right by default:

Example

Example

<button type="button" class="close">&times;</button>

Screenreaders

Use the .sr-only class to hide an element on all devices, except screen readers:

Example

<span class="sr-only">I will be hidden on all screens except for screen readers.</span>

Colors

As described in the Colors chapter, here is a list of all text and background color classes:

The classes for text colors are: .text-muted, .text-primary, .text-success, .text-info, .text-warning, .text-danger, .text-secondary, .text-white, .text-dark, .text-body (default body color/often black) and .text-light:

Example

This text is muted.

This text is important.

This text indicates success.

This text represents some information.

This text represents a warning.

This text represents danger.

Secondary text.

Dark grey text.

Body text.

Light grey text.

Contextual text classes can also be used on links, which will add a darker hover color:

You can also add 50% opacity for black or white text with the .text-black-50 or .text-white-50 classes:

Example

Black text with 50% opacity on white background

White text with 50% opacity on black background


Background Colors

The classes for background colors are: .bg-primary, .bg-success, .bg-info, .bg-warning, .bg-danger, .bg-secondary, .bg-dark and .bg-light.

Note that background colors do not set the text color, so in some cases you'll want to use them together with a .text-* class.

Example

This text is important.

This text indicates success.

This text represents some information.

This text represents a warning.

This text represents danger.

Secondary background color.

Dark grey background color.

Light grey background color.


Typography/Text Classes

As described in the Typography chapter, here is a list of all typography/text classes:

Class Description Example
.display-* Display headings are used to stand out more than normal headings (larger font-size and lighter font-weight), and there are four classes to choose from: .display-1, .display-2, .display-3, .display-4
.font-weight-bold Bold text
.font-weight-bolder Bolder bold text
.font-weight-normal Normal text
.font-weight-light Light weight text
.font-weight-lighter Lighter weight text
.font-italic Italic text
.lead Makes a paragraph stand out
.small Indicates smaller text (set to 85% of the size of the parent)
.text-break Prevents long text from breaking layout
.text-center Indicates center-aligned text
.text-decoration-none Removes the underline from a link
.text-left Indicates left-aligned text
.text-justify Indicates justified text
.text-monospace Monospaced text
.text-nowrap Indicates no wrap text
.text-lowercase Indicates lowercased text
.text-reset Resets the color of a text or a link (inherits the color from its parent)
.text-right Indicates right-aligned text
.text-uppercase Indicates uppercased text
.text-capitalize Indicates capitalized text
.initialism Displays the text inside an <abbr> element in a slightly smaller font size
.list-unstyled Removes the default list-style and left margin on list items (works on both <ul> and <ol>). This class only applies to immediate children list items (to remove the default list-style from any nested lists, apply this class to any nested lists as well)
.list-inline Places all list items on a single line (used together with .list-inline-item on each <li> elements)
.pre-scrollable Makes a <pre> element scrollable

Block Elements

To make an element into a block element, add the .d-block class. Use any of the d-*-block classes to control WHEN the element should be a block element on a specific screen width:

Example

d-block d-sm-block d-md-block d-lg-block d-xl-block

Example

<span class="d-block bg-success">d-block</span>
<span class="d-sm-block bg-success">d-sm-block</span>
<span class="d-md-block bg-success">d-md-block</span>
<span class="d-lg-block bg-success">d-lg-block</span>
<span class="d-xl-block bg-success">d-xl-block</span>

Other Display Classes

Other display classes are also available:

Class Description Example
.d-none Hides an element
.d-*-none Hides an element on a specific screen size
.d-inline Makes an element inline
.d-*-inline Makes an element inline on a specific screen size
.d-inline-block Makes an element inline block
.d-*-inline-block Makes an element inline block on a specific screen size
.d-table Makes an element display as a table
.d-*-table Makes an element display as a table on a specific screen size
.d-table-cell Makes an element display as a table cell
.d-*-table-cell Makes an element display as a table cell on a specific screen size
.d-table-row Makes an element display as a table row
.d-*-table-row Makes an element display as a table row on a specific screen size
.d-flex Creates a flexbox container and transforms direct children into flex items
.d-*-flex Creates a flexbox container on a specific screen size
.d-inline-flex Creates an inline flexbox container
.d-*-inline-flex Creates an inline flexbox container on a specific screen size

Flex

Use .flex-* classes to control the layout with flexbox.

Read more about Bootstrap 4 Flex, in our next chapter.

Example

Horizontal:

Flex item 1
Flex item 2
Flex item 3
Flex item 1
Flex item 2
Flex item 3

Vertical:

Flex item 1
Flex item 2
Flex item 3
Flex item 1
Flex item 2
Flex item 3